Client: A Leading Metro System Operator (Asia) Application: Underground Tunnel Communication Systems 1. Operational Challenges Environmental Conditions: 24/7 high humidity: 95% RH (Relative Humidity) Condensation cycles with temperature fluctuations (15°C–45°C) Continuous vibration from passing trains Critical Failures Observed: ▶ Insulation resistance (IR) dropped to <1GΩ within 6 months ▶ Bit Error Rate (BER) surged to 10⁻⁴ (vs....











